Tutorial

!pip install --quiet scvi-colab
from scvi_colab import install
install()

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import scanpy as sc
import scvelo as scv
import torch
from velovi import preprocess_data, VELOVI

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns

Load and preprocess data

adata = scv.datasets.pancreas()

scv.pp.filter_and_normalize(adata, min_shared_counts=30, n_top_genes=2000)
scv.pp.moments(adata, n_pcs=30, n_neighbors=30)

Filtered out 21611 genes that are detected 30 counts (shared).
Normalized count data: X, spliced, unspliced.
Extracted 2000 highly variable genes.
Logarithmized X.
computing neighbors
    finished (0:00:03) --> added 
    'distances' and 'connectivities', weighted adjacency matrices (adata.obsp)
computing moments based on connectivities
    finished (0:00:00) --> added 
    'Ms' and 'Mu', moments of un/spliced abundances (adata.layers)

adata = preprocess_data(adata)

computing velocities
    finished (0:00:00) --> added 
    'velocity', velocity vectors for each individual cell (adata.layers)

Train and apply model

VELOVI.setup_anndata(adata, spliced_layer="Ms", unspliced_layer="Mu")
vae = VELOVI(adata)
vae.train()

Epoch 405/500:  81%|████████  | 405/500 [01:16<00:17,  5.31it/s, loss=-2.4e+03, v_num=1] 
Monitored metric elbo_validation did not improve in the last 45 records. Best score: -2330.793. Signaling Trainer to stop.

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
vae.history["elbo_train"].iloc[20:].plot(ax=ax, label="train")
vae.history["elbo_validation"].iloc[20:].plot(ax=ax, label="validation")
plt.legend()

<matplotlib.legend.Legend at 0x7f8ddba28d90>

Get model outputs

def add_velovi_outputs_to_adata(adata, vae):
    latent_time = vae.get_latent_time(n_samples=25)
    velocities = vae.get_velocity(n_samples=25, velo_statistic="mean")

    t = latent_time
    scaling = 20 / t.max(0)

    adata.layers["velocity"] = velocities / scaling
    adata.layers["latent_time_velovi"] = latent_time

    adata.var["fit_alpha"] = vae.get_rates()["alpha"] / scaling
    adata.var["fit_beta"] = vae.get_rates()["beta"] / scaling
    adata.var["fit_gamma"] = vae.get_rates()["gamma"] / scaling
    adata.var["fit_t_"] = (
        torch.nn.functional.softplus(vae.module.switch_time_unconstr)
        .detach()
        .cpu()
        .numpy()
    ) * scaling
    adata.layers["fit_t"] = latent_time.values * scaling[np.newaxis, :]
    adata.var['fit_scaling'] = 1.0

add_velovi_outputs_to_adata(adata, vae)

scv.tl.velocity_graph(adata)

computing velocity graph (using 1/20 cores)
    finished (0:00:05) --> added 
    'velocity_graph', sparse matrix with cosine correlations (adata.uns)

scv.pl.velocity_embedding_stream(adata, basis='umap')

computing velocity embedding
    finished (0:00:00) --> added
    'velocity_umap', embedded velocity vectors (adata.obsm)

Intrinsic uncertainty

uncertainty_df, _ = vae.get_directional_uncertainty(n_samples=100)
uncertainty_df.head()

INFO     velovi: Sampling from model...                                                      
INFO     velovi: Computing the uncertainties...                                              

	directional_variance	directional_difference	directional_cosine_sim_variance	directional_cosine_sim_difference	directional_cosine_sim_mean
index
AAACCTGAGAGGGATA	0.000992	0.099744	0.000558	0.074686	0.663482
AAACCTGAGCCTTGAT	0.001516	0.122854	0.000897	0.094864	0.637474
AAACCTGAGGCAATTA	0.001124	0.108947	0.000674	0.083901	0.639332
AAACCTGCATCATCCC	0.001043	0.103214	0.000584	0.077158	0.664519
AAACCTGGTAAGTGGC	0.001091	0.109103	0.000600	0.080870	0.676792

for c in uncertainty_df.columns:
    adata.obs[c] = np.log10(uncertainty_df[c].values)

sc.pl.umap(
    adata, 
    color="directional_cosine_sim_variance",
    cmap="Greys",
    vmin="p1",
    vmax="p99",
)

Extrinsic uncertainty

def compute_extrinisic_uncertainty(adata, vae, n_samples=25) -> pd.DataFrame:
    from velovi._model import _compute_directional_statistics_tensor
    from scvi.utils import track
    from contextlib import redirect_stdout
    import io

    extrapolated_cells_list = []
    for i in track(range(n_samples)):
        with io.StringIO() as buf, redirect_stdout(buf):
            vkey = "velocities_velovi_{i}".format(i=i)
            v = vae.get_velocity(n_samples=1, velo_statistic="mean")
            adata.layers[vkey] = v
            scv.tl.velocity_graph(adata, vkey=vkey, sqrt_transform=False, approx=True)
            t_mat = scv.utils.get_transition_matrix(
                adata, vkey=vkey, self_transitions=True, use_negative_cosines=True
            )
            extrapolated_cells = np.asarray(t_mat @ adata.layers["Ms"])
            extrapolated_cells_list.append(extrapolated_cells)
    extrapolated_cells = np.stack(extrapolated_cells_list)
    df = _compute_directional_statistics_tensor(extrapolated_cells, n_jobs=-1, n_cells=adata.n_obs)
    return df

ext_uncertainty_df = compute_extrinisic_uncertainty(adata, vae)

Working...:   0%|          | 0/25 [00:00<?, ?it/s]Working...:   4%|▍         | 1/25 [00:01<00:36,  1.53s/it]Working...:   8%|▊         | 2/25 [00:03<00:35,  1.55s/it]Working...:  12%|█▏        | 3/25 [00:04<00:33,  1.54s/it]Working...:  16%|█▌        | 4/25 [00:06<00:32,  1.54s/it]Working...:  20%|██        | 5/25 [00:07<00:31,  1.56s/it]Working...:  24%|██▍       | 6/25 [00:09<00:29,  1.56s/it]Working...:  28%|██▊       | 7/25 [00:10<00:28,  1.56s/it]Working...:  32%|███▏      | 8/25 [00:12<00:26,  1.56s/it]Working...:  36%|███▌      | 9/25 [00:14<00:24,  1.56s/it]Working...:  40%|████      | 10/25 [00:15<00:23,  1.54s/it]Working...:  44%|████▍     | 11/25 [00:17<00:21,  1.55s/it]Working...:  48%|████▊     | 12/25 [00:18<00:20,  1.61s/it]Working...:  52%|█████▏    | 13/25 [00:20<00:18,  1.57s/it]Working...:  56%|█████▌    | 14/25 [00:21<00:17,  1.55s/it]Working...:  60%|██████    | 15/25 [00:23<00:15,  1.53s/it]Working...:  64%|██████▍   | 16/25 [00:24<00:13,  1.51s/it]Working...:  68%|██████▊   | 17/25 [00:26<00:12,  1.50s/it]Working...:  72%|███████▏  | 18/25 [00:27<00:10,  1.50s/it]Working...:  76%|███████▌  | 19/25 [00:29<00:08,  1.50s/it]Working...:  80%|████████  | 20/25 [00:30<00:07,  1.47s/it]Working...:  84%|████████▍ | 21/25 [00:32<00:05,  1.47s/it]Working...:  88%|████████▊ | 22/25 [00:33<00:04,  1.45s/it]Working...:  92%|█████████▏| 23/25 [00:34<00:02,  1.44s/it]Working...:  96%|█████████▌| 24/25 [00:36<00:01,  1.45s/it]Working...: 100%|██████████| 25/25 [00:37<00:00,  1.51s/it]
INFO     velovi: Computing the uncertainties...                                              

for c in ext_uncertainty_df.columns:
    adata.obs[c + "_extrinisic"] = np.log10(ext_uncertainty_df[c].values)

sc.pl.umap(
    adata, 
    color="directional_cosine_sim_variance_extrinisic",
    vmin="p1", 
    vmax="p99", 
)

Permutation score

perm_df, _ = vae.get_permutation_scores(labels_key="clusters")
adata.var["permutation_score"] = perm_df.max(1).values

INFO     Input AnnData not setup with scvi-tools. attempting to transfer AnnData setup       
INFO     Input AnnData not setup with scvi-tools. attempting to transfer AnnData setup       

sns.kdeplot(data=adata.var, x="permutation_score")

<AxesSubplot:xlabel='permutation_score', ylabel='Density'>